Author: ngraf
Date: Mon Oct 27 10:55:33 2014
New Revision: 3389
Log:
fixed figure formatting
Modified:
docs/pubs/0001-lcdd/lcdd-paper.tex
Modified: docs/pubs/0001-lcdd/lcdd-paper.tex
=============================================================================
--- docs/pubs/0001-lcdd/lcdd-paper.tex (original)
+++ docs/pubs/0001-lcdd/lcdd-paper.tex Mon Oct 27 10:55:33 2014
@@ -257,11 +257,11 @@
\begin{verbatim}
<header>
<detector name="sidloi3"/>
- <generator name="GeomConverter"
+ <generator name="GeomConverter"
version="1.0"
- file="./sidloi3/compact.xml"
+ file="./sidloi3/compact.xml"
checksum="2152839912"/>
- <author name="Jeremy McCormick"
+ <author name="Jeremy McCormick"
email="[log in to unmask]">
<comment>The SiD detector</comment>
</header>
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
This is an example of a simple tracking detector:
\begin{verbatim}
-<tracker name="BarrelTracker"
+<tracker name="BarrelTracker"
hits_collection="BarrelTrackerHits">
<idspecref ref="BarrelTrackerHits"/>
</tracker>
@@ -321,12 +321,12 @@
The following XML defines a calorimeter with uniform sized cells created by a virtual segmentation class. The {\tt grid\_xyz} element will divide the detector's sensor layers into a grid of 3.5mm x 3.5mm cells.
\begin{verbatim}
-<calorimeter name="EcalBarrel"
+<calorimeter name="EcalBarrel"
hits_collection="EcalBarrelHits">
<idspecref ref="EcalBarrelHits"/>
- <grid_xyz
- grid_size_x="3.5*mm"
- grid_size_y="3.5*mm"
+ <grid_xyz
+ grid_size_x="3.5*mm"
+ grid_size_y="3.5*mm"
grid_size_z="0.0"/>
</calorimeter>
\end{verbatim}
@@ -352,8 +352,8 @@
The following XML shows a {\tt grid\_xyz} segmentation that divides a volume along the X and Y axes.
\begin{verbatim}
- <grid_xyz
- grid_size_x="1.0*cm"
+ <grid_xyz
+ grid_size_x="1.0*cm"
grid_size_y="1.0*cm" />
\end{verbatim}
@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@
This is an example of a projective cylinder segmentation that divides the theta and phi regions into 32 and 32 bins, respectively.
\begin{verbatim}
- projective_cylinder
- ntheta="32"
+ projective_cylinder
+ ntheta="32"
nphi="32" />
\end{verbatim}
@@ -380,14 +380,16 @@
A {\tt nonprojective\_cylinder} segmentation element will divide the surface of a cylinder into cells of equal size along its length.
%% TODO is the segmentation in phi really in r*phi?
\begin{verbatim}
- <nonprojective_cylinder
- grid_size_phi="10.0*mm"
+ <nonprojective_cylinder
+ grid_size_phi="10.0*mm"
grid_size_z="10.0*mm" />
\end{verbatim}
The above segmentation will divide the surface of a cylinder into 10 x 10 mm cells.
-Figure ~\ref{fig:cylinderSeg} shows examples of these two types of cylindrical segmentation.
+Figure ~\ref{fig:cylinderSeg} shows the expected projective $\phi$ segmentation,
+whereas Figure ~\ref{fig:cylinderzSeg} shows examples of both the projective and
+non-projective types of cylindrical segmentation along the z axis.
\def\innerradius{1.5cm}
\def\outerradius{2.cm}
@@ -409,15 +411,71 @@
%axes
\draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (\innerradius-0.5cm,0) node[anchor=west] {x};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (0,\innerradius-0.5cm) node[anchor=south] {y};
- \node [below=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=4cm] at (0,-\outerradius)
- {
- $Projective \: ( \phi ) \: Segmentation$
- };
-
- % side view
- %shifting coordinate
- \coordinate (shift) at (2*\zLength+.2cm, 0);
- \begin{scope}[shift=(shift)]
+ % \node [below=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=4cm] at (0,-\outerradius)
+% {
+% $Projective \: ( \phi ) \: Segmentation$
+% };
+
+ % % side view
+% %shifting coordinate
+% \coordinate (shift) at (2*\zLength+.2cm, 0);
+% \begin{scope}[shift=(shift)]
+% %projective z segmentation
+% % The 'spokes'
+% \begin{scope}
+% \clip (-\zLength,\innerradius) rectangle (\zLength,\outerradius);
+% \foreach \i in {0,...,\nThetaSeg} {
+% \draw [gray,thin] (\i/\nThetaSeg*180:0.) -- (\i/\nThetaSeg*180:2*\outerradius);
+% }
+% \end{scope}
+% \draw[gray] (-\zLength,\innerradius) rectangle (\zLength,\outerradius);
+%
+% %nonprojective z segmentation
+% \draw[gray] (-\zLength,-\innerradius) rectangle (\zLength,-\outerradius);
+% \foreach \i in {0,...,20} {
+% \draw [gray,thin] (-\zLength+\i*\zStep,-\innerradius) -- (-\zLength+\i*\zStep,-\outerradius);
+% }
+% %axes
+% \draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (\innerradius-0.5cm,0) node[anchor=west] {z};
+% \draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (0,\innerradius-0.5cm) node[anchor=south] {r};
+%
+% %descriptive text
+% \node [above=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=8cm] at (0,\outerradius)
+% {
+% $Projective \:( \theta ) \: Segmentation$
+% };
+% \node [below=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=8cm] at (0,-\outerradius)
+% {
+% $Nonprojective \: ( z ) \: Segmentation$
+% };
+% \end{scope}
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+
+\caption{Cylindrical projective $\phi$ segmentation.} \label{fig:cylinderSeg}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+\centering
+ \begin{tikzpicture}
+ % % end view....
+% %draw the inner and outer radii
+% \draw[gray] (0,0) circle (\outerradius) circle (\innerradius);
+% % The 'spokes'
+% \foreach \i in {0,...,\nPhiSeg} {
+% \draw [gray,thin] (\i/\nPhiSeg*360:\innerradius) -- (\i/\nPhiSeg*360:\outerradius);
+% }
+% %axes
+% \draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (\innerradius-0.5cm,0) node[anchor=west] {x};
+% \draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (0,\innerradius-0.5cm) node[anchor=south] {y};
+ % \node [below=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=4cm] at (0,-\outerradius)
+% {
+% $Projective \: ( \phi ) \: Segmentation$
+% };
+
+ % % side view
+% %shifting coordinate
+% \coordinate (shift) at (2*\zLength+.2cm, 0);
+% \begin{scope}[shift=(shift)]
%projective z segmentation
% The 'spokes'
\begin{scope}
@@ -437,23 +495,24 @@
\draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (\innerradius-0.5cm,0) node[anchor=west] {z};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0) -- (0,\innerradius-0.5cm) node[anchor=south] {r};
- %descriptive text
- \node [above=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=8cm] at (0,\outerradius)
- {
- $Projective \:( \theta ) \: Segmentation$
- };
- \node [below=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=8cm] at (0,-\outerradius)
- {
- $Nonprojective \: ( z ) \: Segmentation$
- };
- \end{scope}
+% %descriptive text
+% \node [above=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=8cm] at (0,\outerradius)
+% {
+% $Projective \:( \theta ) \: Segmentation$
+% };
+% \node [below=0.2cm, align=flush center,text width=8cm] at (0,-\outerradius)
+% {
+% $Nonprojective \: ( z ) \: Segmentation$
+% };
+% \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
-\caption{Cylindrical segmentation showing examples of both projective and non-projective segmentation in z.} \label{fig:cylinderSeg}
+\caption{Cylindrical projective(top) and non-projective(bottom) $z$ segmentation.} \label{fig:cylinderZSeg}
\end{figure}
+
\subsubsection{Projective ZPlane Segmentation}
%% TODO: Section needs more content.
@@ -461,8 +520,8 @@
The {\tt projective\_zplane} segmentation divides an endcap zplane into projective angular segments specified by the number of phi and theta bins, much as a {\tt projective\_cylinder} is used for a barrel.
\begin{verbatim}
- <projective_zplane
- ntheta="500"
+ <projective_zplane
+ ntheta="500"
nphi="500" />
\end{verbatim}
@@ -488,19 +547,19 @@
\begin{verbatim}
<idspec name="EcalBarrelHits" length="64">
-<idfield signed="false"
+<idfield signed="false"
label="system" length="6" start="0"/>
-<idfield signed="false"
+<idfield signed="false"
label="barrel" length="3" start="6"/>
-<idfield signed="false"
+<idfield signed="false"
label="module" length="4" start="9"/>
-<idfield signed="false"
+<idfield signed="false"
label="layer" length="6" start="13"/>
-<idfield signed="false"
+<idfield signed="false"
label="slice" length="5" start="19"/>
-<idfield signed="true"
+<idfield signed="true"
label="x" length="16" start="32"/>
-<idfield signed="true"
+<idfield signed="true"
label="y" length="16" start="48"/>
</idspec>
\end{verbatim}
@@ -516,9 +575,9 @@
\begin{verbatim}
<limits>
<limitset name="cal_limits">
- <limit name="step_length_max"
- unit="mm"
- particles="*"
+ <limit name="step_length_max"
+ unit="mm"
+ particles="*"
value="5.0" />
</limitset>
</limits>
@@ -548,10 +607,10 @@
\begin{verbatim}
<regions>
- <region name="TrackingRegion"
+ <region name="TrackingRegion"
store_secondaries="true"
- cut="10.0" lunit="mm"
- threshold="1.0"
+ cut="10.0" lunit="mm"
+ threshold="1.0"
eunit="MeV" />
</regions>
\end{verbatim}
@@ -585,7 +644,7 @@
<solidref ref="DetectorEnvelopeBox"/>
<physvol>
<volumeref ref="LayerVolume"/>
- <physvolid field_name="layer"
+ <physvolid field_name="layer"
value="1"/>
</physvol>
</volume>
@@ -606,14 +665,14 @@
\begin{verbatim}
<fields>
- <solenoid name="GlobalSolenoid"
- lunit="mm"
+ <solenoid name="GlobalSolenoid"
+ lunit="mm"
funit="tesla"
- outer_radius="world_side"
- inner_field="5.0"
+ outer_radius="world_side"
+ inner_field="5.0"
outer_field="-0.6"
- zmax="1000.0"
- zmin="-1000.0"
+ zmax="1000.0"
+ zmin="-1000.0"
inner_radius="2923.0" />
</fields>
\end{verbatim}
@@ -627,8 +686,8 @@
Here is an example of a dipole field definition.
\begin{verbatim}
-<dipole name="ExampleDipoleField"
- zmin="0.0"
+<dipole name="ExampleDipoleField"
+ zmin="0.0"
zmax="-10.0*mm" >
<dipole_coeff value="1.0" />
<dipole_coeff value="0.1" />
@@ -652,12 +711,12 @@
An RZ field map can be used to simulate a cylindrically symmetric field variable in the radial and Z directions.
The field is input as a map of $B_z$ and $B_r$ on a regular grid of radius and z positions.
\begin{verbatim}
-<rz_field_map name="RZFieldMap"
- lunit="cm"
+<rz_field_map name="RZFieldMap"
+ lunit="cm"
funit="kilogauss"
- num_bins_r="67"
- num_bins_z="64"
- grid_size_z="10.0"
+ num_bins_r="67"
+ num_bins_z="64"
+ grid_size_z="10.0"
grid_size_r="10.0">
<rzB z="0." r="0." Bz="50.0" Br="0." />
<rzB z="10." r="0." Bz="49.9" Br="0." />
@@ -685,12 +744,12 @@
Here is an example that references an external data file.
\begin{verbatim}
-<field_map_3d name="FieldMap3D"
- lunit="mm"
+<field_map_3d name="FieldMap3D"
+ lunit="mm"
funit="tesla"
filename="data/3DFieldMap.dat"
- xoffset="2.117"
- yoffset="0.0"
+ xoffset="2.117"
+ yoffset="0.0"
zoffset="45.72" />
\end{verbatim}
@@ -702,14 +761,14 @@
\begin{verbatim}
<display>
- <vis name="CalVis"
- line_style="unbroken"
+ <vis name="CalVis"
+ line_style="unbroken"
drawing_style="solid"
- show_daughters="true"
+ show_daughters="true"
visible="true">
- <color R="1.0"
- G="0.0"
- B="0.0"
+ <color R="1.0"
+ G="0.0"
+ B="0.0"
alpha="1.0"/>
</vis>
</display>
@@ -718,8 +777,26 @@
\section{Using LCDD in an Application}
The LCDD framework implements G4VUserDetectorConstruction, which is a required class for Geant4 user applications. Using LCDD is simply a matter of registering its detector construction class with the Geant4 run manager, viz. {\tt theRunManager->SetUserInitialization(new LCDDDetectorConstruction());}.
-This allows the detector document to be specified using a macro command, such as the following, which will load a document from a remote URL {\tt /lcdd/url http://www.lcsim.org/detectors/sidloi3/sidloi3.lcdd}.
-Local files can also be read in by using the {\tt file://} protocol: {\tt /lcdd/url file:///local/path/to/sidloi3.lcdd}. Arguments to this macro command without a protocol are interpreted as local files, {\tt /lcdd/url /local/path/to/sidloi3.lcdd}. The detector document must be specified in the pre-initialization phase, and then the geometry is setup when initialization occurs, either through calling the initialization method on the run manager directly or executing the {\tt /run/initialize} macro command.
+This allows the detector document to be specified using a macro command, which will load a document from a remote URL, viz.
+%\begin{verbatim}
+
+/lcdd/url http://www.lcsim.org/.../det.lcdd
+
+%\end{verbatim}
+Local files can also be read in by using the
+{\tt file://} protocol:
+%\begin{verbatim}
+
+ /lcdd/url file:///local/path/to/det.lcdd
+
+%\end{verbatim}
+Arguments to this macro command without a protocol are interpreted as local files:
+%\begin{verbatim}
+
+/lcdd/url /local/path/to/det.lcdd
+
+%\end{verbatim}
+ The detector document must be specified in the pre-initialization phase, and then the geometry is setup when initialization occurs, either through calling the initialization method on the run manager directly or executing the {\tt /run/initialize} macro command.
%\pagebreak
@@ -729,26 +806,49 @@
Detectors designed to exploit the physics discovery potential of lepton collisions at the Terascale will need to perform precision measurements of complex final states. The ability to model numerous detector geometries using LCDD was a crucial element in the design of the Silicon Detector~\cite{sid}, one of the two concepts currently being investigated to study the physics of high energy electron-positron collisions at the International Linear Collider (ILC)~\cite{ilc} and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)~\cite{clic}. The optimization process for the tracker design started out with a number of simplified geometries, with the complexity of the simulations increasing as the designs became more mature. The current model is quite sophisticated, including most of the details of the engineering models for the support and assembly of the detectors, as well as the electronic readouts currently being considered. Figure ~\ref{fig:SiDxsecCAD} shows a cross section of a CAD model of the c
entral tracker. The corresponding Geant4 model is shown in Figure ~\ref{fig:sidloiTracker} .
+%\begin{figure}[ht]
+%\centering
+%\abovecaptionskip 0pt
+%\belowdisplayskip 0pt
+%\mbox{
+%\subfigure[SiD CAD cross section]{
+%\includegraphics[width=2.4in]{SiDTracker_cad_c}
+%\label{fig:SiDxsecCAD}
+%}\quad
+%\subfigure[SiD Geant4 model]{
+%\includegraphics[width=2.8in]{sidloi_TrackerCrossSection}
+%\label{fig:sidloiTracker}
+%}
+%}
+%\centering
+%\abovecaptionskip 0pt
+%\belowdisplayskip 0pt
+%\caption{The Silicon Detector micro-strip outer tracker and pixel vertex detector.}
+%\label{fig-all}
+%\end{figure}
+
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
-\abovecaptionskip 0pt
-\belowdisplayskip 0pt
-\mbox{
-\subfigure[SiD CAD cross section]{
+
\includegraphics[width=2.4in]{SiDTracker_cad_c}
\label{fig:SiDxsecCAD}
-}\quad
-\subfigure[SiD Geant4 model]{
+
+\centering
+\caption{The Silicon Detector micro-strip outer tracker and pixel vertex detector as shown in a CAD model.}
+
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[ht]
+\centering
+
\includegraphics[width=2.8in]{sidloi_TrackerCrossSection}
-\label{fig:sidloiTracker}
-}
-}
+\label{fig:SiDxsecCAD}
+
\centering
-\abovecaptionskip 0pt
-\belowdisplayskip 0pt
-\caption{The Silicon Detector micro-strip outer tracker and pixel vertex detector.}
-\label{fig-all}
+\caption{The Silicon Detector micro-strip outer tracker and pixel vertex detector as shown in the Geant4 model.}
+
\end{figure}
+
%An orthographic cutaway view of the complete detector as implemented in the sidloi model is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:sidloiCutaway}.
%\begin{figure}[ht]
@@ -762,18 +862,34 @@
%Linear Collider detector research programs have simulated in detail the response of a number of different detector designs and subdetector technologies. The Silicon Detector (SiD) collaboration~\cite{sid} has optimized the design of its full detector concept through many different iterations. This required the simulation of widely varying geometric layouts and readout schemes and the development of software to support this flexibility. The current design for its Detector Baseline Document (DBD) %is the sidloi3 detector, which
%is composed of vertex, tracking, and calorimeter sub-systems, as well as supports, masks and various types of dead material. This includes an Electromagnetic Calorimeter with several million readout channels as well as a Silicon Vertex Tracker with thousands of tracking modules per sub-detector. LCDD was used to model and simulate these sub-detectors in a variety of physics scenarios.
-A similar process was employed in the design of the calorimeters and instrumented return yoke, which functions as a muon detector. The flexibility of LCDD enabled the performance of various absorber materials, readout technologies and detector layouts to be studied all within the same simulation program. Figures~\ref{fig:SiD} and \ref{fig:SiDCutaway} show the level of complexity supported by the LCDD package.
+A similar process was employed in the design of the calorimeters and instrumented return yoke, which functions as a muon detector. The flexibility of LCDD enabled the performance of various absorber materials, readout technologies and detector layouts to be studied all within the same simulation program. Figures~\ref{fig:SiDYZ}, \ref{fig:SiDXY}, \ref{fig:SiDTrackerCutaway} and \ref{fig:SiDCutaway} show the level of complexity supported by the LCDD package.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{sidloi_YZ_Quadrant}
+\caption{The ILC Silicon Detector (SiD) YZ quadrant view.}
+\label{fig:SiDYZ}
+\end{figure}
+\begin{figure}[htpb]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{sidloi_XY_CrossSection}
-\caption{The ILC Silicon Detector (SiD).}
-\label{fig:SiD}
+\caption{The ILC Silicon Detector (SiD) XY cross section.}
+\label{fig:SiDXY}
\end{figure}
+
+%\begin{figure}[htpb]
+%\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{sidloi_Tracker_Cutaway_Closeup}
+%\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{sidloiCutaway}
+%\caption{A Cutaway view of the SiD Silicon Tracker(l) and complete detector (r) }
+%\label{fig:SiDCutaway}
+%\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{sidloi_Tracker_Cutaway_Closeup}
+\caption{A Cutaway view of the SiD Silicon Tracker }
+\label{fig:SiDTrackerCutaway}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[htpb]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{sidloiCutaway}
-\caption{A Cutaway view of the SiD Silicon Tracker(l) and complete detector (r) }
+\caption{A Cutaway view of the SiD complete detector}
\label{fig:SiDCutaway}
\end{figure}
########################################################################
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